日本大学AO入学考试:现状、问题、趋势与借鉴

Present Situation,Problem,Trend and Reference of AO University Entrance Examination in Japan

为了推动选拔方法多样化和评价标准多元化的大学入学考试改革,改变片面强调考试成绩和学力偏差值的选拔制度,1990年,日本大学开始实施AO入学考试制度,该制度为日本确立现有的统一与多元并重的招考模式发挥了很大作用。但是,AO入学考试依然存在弊端:缺乏学力测试功能,录取的早期化削弱了学习意愿,高中对AO入学考试不信任等。因此,未来AO入学考试的发展趋势为强学力、重衔接、多评价。结合我国国情,借鉴日本大学AO入学考试制度发展的经验与教训,有利于我国选拔创新型人才,进一步促进高考公平,丰富我国高考改革的理论研究。坚持国家统考与高校自主招生相结合,推行多元化录取的招考机制,是高考制度改革与发展的大势所趋。

AO university entrance examination system was implemented in Japan in 1990 in order to push the reforms in University Entrance Examination system towards diversified ways of selection and plural criterion of assessment and evaluation and change the system that puts one-sided emphasis on the examination performance and scholastic deviation value.The system has contributed a lot to the establishment of Japan’s current enrollment mode that emphasizes both unity and plurality.The enroll mode tends to strengthen educational level and lay stress on linkage and multi-angle evaluation in its development although in which there are still some problems as represented by the lack of the"learning capacity"test function,weakened willing to learn by early admission and senior high schools’distrust of the AO entrance examination.This research,with reference of our national conditions and the experiences and lessons in the development of AO University Entrance Examination system in Japan,will help our country select innovative talents properly,further promote the equity in University Entrance Examination system and enrich the theory research on the reforms in the system.The combination of state exam with university’s autonomous enrolment and the implementation of diversified enrollment mechanism represent the general trend in the reforms and development of the current University Entrance Examination system.