国家养老金体系及其体制机制建设

Research into Institutional and Mechanism Construction of National Pension System

进入老龄社会之后,OECD国家政府养老金替代率开始降低、高龄老人附加养老金需求加大,一个"夯实政府养老金、增加雇主养老金、发展个人养老金"的国家养老金体系的发展战略和体制机制正在形成,以平衡各类单一养老金计划的风险和适度保持养老金的充足性,这是培育老龄人口消费能力的积极老龄化举措之一。对典型国家养老金体制机制改革的回顾研究发现,不同福利模式下的国家养老金在建立之初有差异,且发展路径不同,但在体制机制方面的发展趋势却日趋一致。OECD国家在进入老龄社会之初(20世纪50年代),快速发展政府养老金,并启动雇主养老金;在进入深度老龄社会之时,重点促进雇主养老金的发展,并启动个人养老金;在进入超级老龄社会之时,个人养老金快速发展。中国应当按照老龄社会发展的时间表,从中央统筹基础养老金、促进雇主养老金、发展个人养老金3个方面建设国家养老金体系,创新管理体制和运行机制。

After entering the aging society, OECD countries' government pension replacement rate has begun to decrease and the demand for old-age additional pension is increasing. Then,a development strategy of national pension system is forming:" consolidating government pension, stabilizing employer's pension and developing personal pension".To balance the risks of a single pension scheme and to maintain the adequacy of the pension appropriately,the development strategy of national pension system is one of active ageing initiatives to foster the consumption capacity of the aging population. A retrospective study on the reform of pension system mechanism in typical countries shows that,the national pension under different welfare models is different at the beginning of the establishment,and the development path is not the same,but the development trend of the institutional mechanism is consistent. According to the timetable of social development of the aged,China should improve the pension system by coordinating central basic pension, promoting the development of employer s pension and cultivating personal pension to build the national pension system and achieve the innovation of management system and institutional mechanism.