城市水系结构形态演变特征分析——以哈尔滨主城区为例

Analysis on evolution characteristics of structural pattern of urban water system—a case of main urban area of Harbin

为研究哈尔滨主城区河网水系结构复杂性和水系连通性变化特征,本文根据哈尔滨主城区2006年和2015年的数据资料,从时间尺度和空间尺度采用Horton定律计算研究区域内10条沟、渠的水系结构参数。结果表明,从时间尺度分析,10年来,哈尔滨主城区河网水系结构复杂性降低,其中水系结构指标中的河网密度和水面率分别减少19.34%和39.31%;从空间尺度分析,间接与松花江相连的沟、渠和直接与其相连的沟、渠的结构复杂性相比,变化更为显著。采用水系连通性指标分别从时间和空间尺度对哈尔滨主城区水系连通性进行研究,经分析得出,2015年哈尔滨主城区水系连通性与2006年相比,结点数和河链数分别减少14.3%和18.9%;而空间尺度上,直接与松花江相连的沟、渠的结点数和河链数均大于间接与其相连的沟、渠。上述研究结果对今后哈尔滨主城区的规划设计具有一定的参考价值。

In order to study the complexity of river network structure and the characteristics of the water system connectivity in the main urban area of Harbin,the structural parameters of the water system with 10 ditches and canals within the study area are calculated herein with Horton law from the aspects of temporal scale and spatial scale in accordance with the relevant data of 2006 and 2015 from the main urban area of Harbin. The result shows that from the analysis of temporal scale,the complexity of the water system of the river network in the main urban area of Harbin is lowered,in which the density of the river network and water surface rate within the indexes of the water system structure are reduced by 19. 34% and 39. 31% respectively in recent 10 years,while the variations are more significant if compared with the structural complexities of both the ditches and canals indirectly connected to Songhuajiang River and those directly connected to the river. The connectivity of the water system in the urban area of Harbin is studied from both the temporal scale and spatial scale respectively with the connectivity indexes of water system. It is obtained through the relevant analysis that if comparing the connectivity of the water system in the main urban area of Harbin in2006 with that in 2005,the river node number and the river chain number are reduced by 14. 3% and 18. 9% respectively,while the river node number and the river chain number of the ditches and canals directly connected to Songhuajiang River are larger than those of the ditches and canals indirectly connected to the river from the aspect of spatial scale. The study result mentioned above has a certain referential value for the planning and design of the main urban area of Harbin in the days to come.