拉萨河谷区箭筈豌豆和黑麦混、间播建植方式研究

Establishment of Vicia sativa-Secale cereale mixed and intercropping methods for the Lhasa valley area

在西藏河谷区以箭筈豌豆与黑麦为材料,开展混、间播种植方式的比较研究,通过对牧草产量和饲用品质的测定分析,探讨适宜当地的种植方式。结果表明:箭筈豌豆和黑麦混播、间播处理使箭筈豌豆的有效分枝数和生物量受到抑制,黑麦有效分蘖数增加,生物量显著提高;相对于间播,混播更能表现出利于增产的种间关系,更利于增强种间正相互作用而减弱负相互作用,箭筈豌豆在混、间播条件下处于竞争劣势,大多数处理中其RY值小于1,黑麦在混、间播条件下处于竞争优势,大多数处理中其RY值大于1;由于不同牧草的生态位分化和种间互作关系,牧草的资源利用率提高,相比单播,适宜的豆禾牧草混、间播处理具有明显的产量优势,箭筈豌豆和黑麦2∶1间播的鲜草产量(5253g·m-2)和20%+80%混播干草产量(1572g·m-2)最高,但混播处理的产量总体优于间播处理;箭筈豌豆与黑麦混、间播处理使混合牧草的饲用品质相比禾本科牧草有一定程度的改善。

To establish cultivation methods suitable for the Lhasa Valley,we investigated the success of different mixed and intercropping patterns by measuring the yield and quality of forage from a legume,Vicia sativa（pea）,and a grass,Secale cereale（rye）.The results showed that the effective branch number and biomass of pea were lower under mixed sowing and intercropping than under monocropping,while the effective tiller number and biomass of rye increased under mixed sowing.Compared with intercropping,mixed sowing resulted in an interspecific relationship that resulted in better interspecific interactions and weaker negative interactions.Pea was at a competitive disadvantage in mixed cropping and intermittent cropping conditions.The relative yield value was less than 1 for rye in mixed cropping,but greater than 1 in intercropping conditions,indicative of its competitive advantage.Due to niche differentiation and interspecific interactions between the two species,the resource utilization rate of forage was improved in mixed and intercropping compared with monocropping,and the mixed and intercropping treatments had obvious yield advantages.The combination of V.sativaand S.cereale with an intercropping ratio of 2∶1 resulted in the highest yield of fresh grass yield（5253 g·m^-2）.The mixed ratio of 20% pea＋80% rye resulted in the highest yield of hay（1572 g·m^-2）.The overall yield was larger in the mixed treatments than in the monocropping treatments.The nutritional quality of the mixed forage was better than that of rye alone.