太湖南岸桑基鱼塘的起源与演变

The origin and evolution of the mulberry-dyke & fish-pond by the south bank of the Tai Lake

桑基鱼塘是中国传统生态农业的典型代表,其形成与演变具有特定历史条件和驱动因素。先通过分析对照发现,太湖南岸地区在春秋末期(距今约2 500年)已经具备桑基鱼塘形成的必要条件,然后基于古代人口数据变化推断桑基鱼塘的形成或引入应不晚于唐朝中后期。历史上桑、蚕、鱼、羊等产业发展及其他相关资料反映,太湖南岸桑基鱼塘经唐宋元时期逐步完善,兴盛于明清时期,20世纪90年代末开始萎缩。分析认为,自然条件、水利建设、政治需求、农业政策、人口增加、技术进步、经济体制与市场环境等是推动太湖南岸桑基鱼塘形成与发展的主要因素。

Mulberry-dyke ＆ fish-pond is a typical model of traditional eco-agriculture in China, whose formation andevolution are under the specific historical condition and driving factors. The analysis shows that, there had been theessential conditions of the formation of mulberry-dyke ＆ fish-pond by the south bank of the Tai Lake in late Springand Autumn period （about 2 500 years ago）. Then, based on population data change in ancient times, this paperdeduces that the formation time of mulberry-dyke ＆ fish-pond by the south bank of the Tai Lake is not later than themid-late Tang dynasty. With the development of silkworm, fishery and sheep industries, the mulberry-dyke ＆ fish-pond system by the south bank of the Tai Lake gradually improved in the Song and Yuan dynasties, flourished in theMing and Qing dynasties, and tipped into recession in the 1990s. In the end, the thesis summarizes the drivingfactors for the formation and development of mulberry-dyke ＆ fish-pond by the south bank of the Tai Lake, includingnatural condition, water conservancy, political situation, agricultural policy, population increase, technical progress,economic system and market environment, etc.