海拔对昆明烤烟主栽品种生长发育的影响

Effects of Altitude on Growth and Development of Main Cultivars of Flue-cured Tobacco in Kunming

为探究海拔因素对昆明烤烟主栽品种生长发育的影响,以主栽品种K326、云烟87、红花大金元(红大)为试材,于昆明主产区3个海拔段(1600~1800 m、1800~2000 m、≥2000 m)设计大田试验,研究了不同海拔条件下烟株生长发育特点。结果表明:同一品种不同海拔间,随着海拔升高,烟株生长发育规律表现一致,株高、节距、有效叶、腰叶面积均呈降低趋势,茎围则与之相反,打顶期以1600~1800 m海拔段的烟株株高最高、有效叶最多、腰叶面积最大;同一海拔不同品种间,除茎围以外,其他指标均以云烟87较大,K326、红大品种的株高、茎围、节距较为接近,有效叶数、腰叶面积以K326较大。因此,在昆明主要烟区海拔范围(1600~2000 m)内,以1600~1800 m海拔段的烟株生长发育最快,品种间以云烟87生长发育较快、生物学性状测量值较大,K326、红大品种较为接近,但有效叶数、腰叶面积以K326的较大。

In order to explore the effects of altitude on the growth and development of main flue-cured tobacco cultivars in Kunming,we took main cultivars K326,Yunyan 87 and Honghuadajinyuan（ Hongda） as experimental materials,carried out field trials at different altitudes（ 1600 - 1800 m,1800 - 2000 m,and ≥2000 m） in the main tobacco-planting areas of Kunming,and studied the growth and developmental characteristics of tobacco plants at different altitudes. The results indicated that： as for the same tobacco cultivar at different altitudes,along with the rising of altitude,the growth and development of tobacco plants showed the same rule; when the altitude increased,the plant height,pitch,effective leaf number and lumbar leaf area all exhibited a decreasing trend,while the stem circumference was opposite; at topping stage,the tobacco plants at the altitude of 1600 - 1800 m had the highest plant height,the most effective leaves,and the biggest lumbar leaf area. Among different tobacco cultivars at the same altitude,Yunyan 87 possessed bigger growth indexes（ except for stem circumference）; K326 and Hongda had similar plant height,stem circumference and pitch; K326 had bigger effective leaf number and lumbar leaf area. Therefore,the growth and development of plants of various tobacco cultivars（ especially Yunyan 87） at the altitude of 1600 - 1800 m in Kunming were the fastest.