政务文书的环节性形态与唐代地方官府政务运行——以开元二年西州蒲昌府文书为中心

The Circulation Format of the Government Documents and the Running of Administrative Affairs in the Local Government of the Tang Dynasty:With Special Attention to the Documents from the Puchang Garrison in the Xi Prefecture in 714

开元二年（714）的西州蒲昌府,是府兵制行将废弃、正值重大战事期间的唐代西部边陲的一个折冲府。蒲昌府在这一年中有几个月的政务文书得以在墓葬中保存下来。这批文书为我们提供了一个通往那个特殊时空环境的通道。由于本组文书的行用时间相对集中,而且都是围绕府兵番替事务的,借此能够梳理出一些文书所处的政务环节,是研究唐前期地方官府政务流程难得的档案资料。通过对这批文书的分类排比,参照敦煌吐鲁番出土相关文书,将唐代地方官府（中央官府当亦如此）实际处理政务过程中产生的文书分为案由文书、行判文书和送付文书三种文书流程中的环节性形态,并借此对这些文书所涉及政务处理程序做出简要分析。希望能够建立起一个可供参照的坐标系,对已经刊布的相当数量出土唐代政务文书进行环节上的定位,并初步探索出关照唐代政务运行的文书学研究范式。

This paper examines the unearthed official documents from the Puchang Garrison in 714 and reconstructed the circulation format of the government documents and the running mechanism of administrative affairs in the local government of the Tang dynasty. The Puchang Garrison,as a remote defense sector,located in the Xi Prefecture（ modern Turfan in Xinjiang）,was one of hundreds of garrisons in early Tang dynasty. These documents can be categorized into three groups,such as documents for initiating cases,documents for running judgments,and documents for distribution,which seem to construct the circulation system of official documents in the remote area. At that time,the Tang Empire was facing a big challenge from the enemies in the western frontiers. Soon later it abandoned the Fubing system and began a crucial military reform.