RNA特异性腺苷脱氨酶的生物学作用及其与人类疾病的关系

Biological roles of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA and their relationship with human diseases

RNA编辑(尤其是A-to-I RNA编辑)是哺乳动物常见的转录后修饰方式。RNA特异性腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase acting on RNA,ADAR)是A-to-I编辑的关键蛋白,它通过脱氨基作用使双链RNA中的腺苷基团转化为肌酐基团,从而导致核苷酸序列改变。目前已发现的ADARs共有3类(ADAR1,ADAR2,ADAR3),它们的异常与众多人类疾病密切相关,如病毒感染、代谢性疾病、神经系统疾病、肿瘤等。

RNA editing, especially A-to-I RNA editing, is a common post-transcriptional modification in mammals. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA （ADAR） is a key protein for A-to-I editing, which converts the adenosine group of a double-stranded RNA to creatinine group by deaminating it, resulting in a change of nucleotide sequence. There are 3 types ofADARs （ADAR1, ADAR2, ADAR3） that have been found in recent years. The abnormalities of ADARs are closely related to many human diseases such as viral infections, metabolic diseases, nervous system diseases, and tumors.