重庆雾和霾的气候特征分析

Climatic Characteristics of Fog and Haze in Chongqing

利用1981—2014年重庆地区气象观测资料,基于气候统计法分析重庆地区雾和霾的气候特征,结果表明:重庆雾日总体呈显著减少趋势,两种雾日观测资料的倾向率分别为为-10.3 d/10a和-7.6 d/10 a;雾日的空间分布总体呈"中西部多,东南东北少,西部偏北地区多于西部偏南地区"。霾日总体趋势与雾日变化相反,呈显著上升趋势,倾向率为12.9 d/10a,并且霾日发生显著增加的时段与雾日发生显著减少的时段基本一致,2000年前后霾日经历了明显的突变;霾的分布主要呈现"以主城为中心,中西部多,东北部和东南部少"的特点。

The temporal and spatial distributions and long-term variation characteristics of haze were obtained for the Chongqing region from 1981 to 2014 by studying surface meteorological data and using the climatic statistic method,Simultaneously,the Mann-Kendall method and the Morlet wavelet analysis were used to discuss the changing trend,the change point and time period. The results show that Fog days in Chongqing showed a downward trend,the propensity rates of two observations are-10. 3 days/10 a and-7. 6 days/10 a. The spatial distribution of foggy days was mostly in the central and western parts,less in the southeast and northeast,more in the northwest than in the western part of the south. The general trend of haze days is opposite to that of fog days with a trend of upward trend of 12. 9 days/10 a,and the period of significant increase in haze days is basically consistent with the period of significant decrease in haze days. The haze days experienced obvious changes before and after 2000. The distribution of haze is mainly characterized by ＂ the main city as the center,the central and western parts as much,the northeast and the southeast as less＂.