3种常见养殖鱼类的游泳喜好研究

Study of Three Species of Common Fishes' Swimming Preferences

鱼类最喜游泳速度,研究在不同流速下鱼群的分布情况,推断不同鱼类的游泳喜好,为网箱海区选址和工厂化流水养殖提供一定的理论依据。该试验设计了专用的鱼类最喜游泳速度装置,建造了鱼类多功能行为水槽。观察鱼群在水槽的不同流速下的分布于聚集情况,对大黄鱼、黑鲷、美国红鱼3种常见网箱养殖鱼类进行了初步研究。通过试验得到这3种鱼的游泳喜好。结果显示:(1)大黄鱼幼鱼在水槽中的分布,随着水槽流速的不断提高,不断向水槽前端聚集,流速越大,前段的相对数量越高。(2)黑鲷幼鱼随着水槽的流速增大,黑鲷鱼群逐渐向流速低的区域聚集。在流速等于0.42 m/s时,黑鲷鱼群有小规模的聚集,随后又分散;在流速等于0.66 m/s时,黑鲷幼鱼鱼群向低流速区域大量聚集,前后比例突然增大。(3)美国红鱼在水槽中不管水槽流流速为多大,鱼群统一聚集在水槽前端,水流速度最小处,即美国红鱼分布不随着流速改变而改变。试验表明黑鲷和大黄鱼都属于喜流型鱼类,但黑鲷的流速耐受性比大黄鱼更强。

Study on fish distributions at different velocities, infer different fish swim preferences, site se-lection and plant as a cage culture sea area of the flowing water farming provides a theoretical basis. This spe-cial fish swimming speed devices are designed and built fish multifunctional sinks. Observation of fish in dif-ferent velocity distributions in aggregation of the sink, studies the three common farmed fish（Sciaenops ocella-tus, Sparus macrocephlus, Larimichthys crocea） in cages. Experiment to get the three fishes swimming prefer-ences. The results show that： （1）The distribution of juveniles of L. crocea in the sink, with the improvement oftank flow rate, continued to sink front gathered, flow more, higher the relative number of the previous para-graph. （2）Juvenile S. macrocephlus with the increasing velocity of the sink, S. macrocephlus gradually to thelow velocity area. When the flow velocity is equal to 0.42 m/s, S. macrocephlus have small gathering, thenscattered when the flow velocity is equal to 0.66 m/s, juvenile S. macrocephlus to gathered in low flow rate re-gion, before and after the sudden increase. （3）S. ocellatus however great the sink flow in the tank, fish uniformgathered in front of the sink, most small current, namely distribution does not change with the change in flowrate of S. ocellatus. Experiments show that S. macrocephlus and L. crocea are stream-type fish, S. macro-cephlus flow resistance is stronger than L. crocea.