诊疗方法的可专利性研究

Research on Patentability of Diagnosis and Treatment Methods

可专利客体问题研究一类技术方案是否可以获得专利的问题。诊断方法、治疗方法、外科手术方法(简称为诊疗方法)是一类特殊的技术方案。由于诊疗方法涉及伦理因素、产业化应用障碍和技术方案本身的特殊性质,各国均对其专利保护进行了排除或限制。判断诊疗方法的可专利性是通过分析诊疗方法对诊疗技术创新、技术传播与应用、医疗成本影响,结合公共产业政策及国际竞争因素的考量进行的。不应当从类型上否定诊疗方法的可专利性,而应当在保留其可专利性的同时,通过专利权限制制度和其它经济、市场、社会手段减轻其不良影响。

Research on patentable object focus on whether a certain type of technical solution can be patented. Surgical methods, diagnostic methods and treatment methods（STD） are special kinds of technical solutions. Concerning the ethical factors, industrial application barriers and the special nature that STD involves, all countries have excluded or restricted the patent protection of STD. The patentability of STD should be determined through the analysis of its influence on technological innovation, technology dissemination and application, and medical costs, combined with considerations of public industrial policy and international competition factors. STD should not be denied the patentability based on its type. The law should retain its patentability and reduce its adverse effects through the patent restriction system and other economic, market and social tools.