我国高等教育质量保障政策变迁研究——基于1985—2016年的政策文本

A Study on the Changes of Quality Assurance Policies for Higher Education in China:Based on the Policy Texts of 1985-2016

系统梳理近30年我国高等教育质量保障政策对于研究政策变迁是一项基础性工作。从"颁布数量""适用类别""主体构成""文本形式""政策主题""政策工具"6个维度对69份政策文本进行统计分析。结果显示:1985—2016年期间,我国高等教育质量保障政策从起步到形成较为庞大的政策体系经历了酝酿、发展、加速、密集四个时期,呈现出渐进性与爆发性、综合性与专一性、强权威性与弱依赖性、建设性与保障性、规制性与单一性并存的特征。政策数量与高等教育发展中的焦点事件紧密相关;政策的核心为评估,评估是我国高等教育质量保障的利器;政策工具的应用存在路径依赖,即权威工具使用过溢;政策价值取向从工具理性走向价值理性。

A systematic review of the quality assurance policies of higher education in China during the recent three decades lays the foundation for the study of policy changes in this field. Based on the six dimensions of ＂the promulgation quantity＂, ＂applicable category＂, ＂subject constitution＂, ＂text form＂, ＂policy theme＂ and ＂policy tool＂, statistical analysis has been done on 69 policy texts. The result shows that between 1985 and 2016, the quality assurance policies of higher education in China experienced four stages of progress, which were brewing, development, acceleration and concentration from the beginning to the being of a relatively large policy system, taking on the concurrent natures of gradualness with eruptive nature, comprehensiveness and specificity, strong authority and weak dependence, constructive nature and indemnificatory feature, regulative nature and oneness. The number of policies is closely related to the focal events during the development of higher education. At the core of a policy lies evaluation, which is the effective weapon of the quality assurance of higher education in China. The application of policy tools reveals its path dependence, which means the overuse of authoritative tools. The policy value oriented from instrumental rationality to value rationality.