日本高等教育质量保障的发展历程:国内外框架

Development of Quality Assurance of Higher Education in Japan:Inside and Outside the National Framework

本文旨在总结日本高等教育质量保证政策与实践的进展,认为第二次世界大战后日本的高等教育质量保障可以划分为三个不同的阶段:基于许可的质量控制时代、基于院校自查的外部质量保障时代、目前被积极提倡但仍不确定的内部质量保障时代。本文还分析了2011年以来,中国、日本、韩国三国高等教育机构协力建立的多国的、跨境的高等教育质量保障平台的进展情况,阐释了平台为高等教育质量的改进所做的努力,以及尝试探索一种能最大程度地让高等教育主要消费者——学生受益的质量保障方式。

In this paper, the author will review development of policies and applications of quality assurance of higher education in Japan. The development of post-WWII higher education quality assurance in Japan may be divided into three distinctive eras： the time of quality control by licensing, i.e., supply control; the time of external quality assurance based on self-study by higher education institutions themselves; and the time of internal quality assurance that has been gradually advocated, which may or may not come. This paper will also examine the multi-national effort to establish a common platform to assure quality of cross-border higher education by Chinese, Korean and Japanese higher education institutions that has been tested since 2011. Ultimately, this paper will try to determine what part of the quality assurance provides the greatest benefit to the prime consumers of higher education： students.