杰文斯悖论的价值论根源

Exploring the Causes of Jevons Paradox from the Perspective of the Theory of Value

从根本上讲，在人类社会发展中真正消除杰文斯悖论，有赖于建立符合正义原则的社会制度，在此前提下才可能实现人与自然、人与人之间的和谐，建立真正的生态文明。但是，制度的变革有赖于人类自身觉悟指导下的实践，在能源一环境问题日益严峻威胁着人类的生存和发展的紧迫时刻，对杰文斯悖论的价值论根源的考察，有助于人们更深刻地认识技术的社会功能，也有助于推动人类合理地改造人与自然以及人与人关系的实践。技术是人类认识和改造自然的重要中介和工具，由此也形成了技术与人之间的重要价值关系。从价值论上探寻杰文斯悖论的形成原因，我们会发现，在技术实践中所出现的价值目的的偏离、衡量技术发展的片面的技术进步观、仅将操作规范作为约束技术实践的技术规范，这些都是导致杰文斯悖论的重要原因。杰文斯悖论的价值论根源昭示出技术的发展和应用要以人类整体的生存和持续发展作为最高的价值目标，经济的发展不能代替人的发展，人类局部的暂时的利益不能代替人类整体的利益。这也要求人们相应地树立包含着“人的尺度”的技术进步观，确立包含着价值规范的技术规范。在利益分化广泛存在的社会里，以人类整体的生存和持续发展作为技术实践的最高价值目标，以相互尊重和求同存异为原则就实现这一目标的途径和方式逐渐形成不同范围的价值共识，并将其融入技术实践的具体目标和技术规范之中，以此指导和约束人类的技术实践，这是在现时代合理地利用技术为人类的共同利益而努力的现实路径。

Fundamentally, to virtually ehminate the Jevons paradox during the development of human society, it depends on the establishment of a social system in line with the principles of justice. It is possible to achieve the harmony between human and nature, between people and people, to establish a genuine ecological civilization only in this context. However, the reform of the system depends on the practice of human under the guidance of self-consciousness. As the energy-environmental problems have become an increasingly serious threat to human＇s survival and development, the investigation of the Jevons Paradox＇s axiology source helps people have a deeper understanding of the social function of technology, and also helps promote the rational reconstruction practice of the relationship between man and nature as well as the interpersonal relationship. Technology is an important intermediary and tool for people to understand and transform the nature, which also forms a significant value relationship between technology and people. To explore the causes of Jevons Paradox in terms of the value theory, we will find that the deviation of value objects in the technology practice, the one-sided view of technology advances in the measurement of technological development and techniques specifications which only use operation specifications to constrain the technology practice are all major causes of Jevons Paradox. The Jevons Paradox＇s axiology source reveals that the development and application of technology should consider the survival and sustainable development of human as the highest value targets. The economic development can not replace human＇s development and the local temporary interests of humanity can not replace the interests of the human as a whole. It also requires people to build up a view of technology advances containing ＂human scale＂ and to establish technical specifications containing the criteria of value accordingly. In the society where the social differentiation widely exists, we should consider human＇s survival and sustainable development as the highest value targets of technology practices, the mutual respect and the seeking of common ground as the principles. We should also gradually form the value consensus of different ranges on the ways and means to achieve this goal. Meanwhile, we should integrate the value consensus into the specific objectives and technical specifications of technology practices so as to guide and constrain people＇s technology practices. That＇s the realistic way for us to work for people＇s common interests by using technology rationally in the current era.