谁是犹太人?——关于《虚构的犹太民族》

Who are the Jews?——about the Invention of the Jewish People

本文主要介绍以色列特拉维夫大学历史系教授施摩罗·桑德（Shlomo Sand）的著作《虚构的犹太民族》。在这本书中，桑德追溯了犹太人的起源和变迁，指出了犹太复国主义在民族建构中的想象成分，质疑了现代以色列国家的民族叙事，以及民族作为一个“想象的共同体”在现代国家发展过程中的矛盾。为读者理解巴以问题和民族主义提供了一个很好的镜像。

Shlomo Sand, a professor at Tel Aviv University, has published his work The Invention of the Jewish People in China in 2012. In this book, the author studied the origins and development of the Jews, and challenged Israel＇s national ideology： Zionism.According to Sand, there was no exile, and as he seeks to prove his point by archaeological and historical analysis, he stresses that it is meaningless to talk today about a ＂people of Israel＂. Sand points out that the Khazar elite acquired Judaism,that its conversion gradually involved people of mixed ethnic backgrounds who are the main ancestors of Eastern European Jewry. This article introduces the book, gives some evidence about Khazar in Chinese history resources, and notes that the country＇s survival as a democracy is not theoretical or automatic,since all national identities are myths, not only the Jewish People, and since the state should belong to all its citizens,- no matter what religion and ethnic group they belong to.