中国人的信任与生命史策略

Trust and Life History Strategy of Chinese People

信任是指对某人期望的信心,是相信他人未来可能行为的预期,是社会生活的基本事实,是社会中最重要的综合力量之一。生命史策略以资源有限为前提,基于个体的生活环境和分配原则,分为以未来生活为导向的慢生命史策略和以当下生活为导向的快生命史策略。信任与生命史策略都是连续的过程,并且都与社会环境发展紧密相关。现阶段的中国,由于居所流动频繁、环境问题严重,以及过早的性成熟和性行为、更随意的性关系,个体更易知觉到环境的不确定性和不稳定性,往往处于快生命史策略中,而选择快生命史策略的个体对他人和社会的信任水平会较低。这是理解现阶段信任危机的一种角度。因此,或可以通过社会、家庭和个人三方面的努力来提升中国人的信任水平。

Trust is considered as the confidence in other people,the belief of their expected behavior in the future,the basic fact of social life and one of the most important comprehensive forces in society. Life history strategy is based on the premise that resources required for living are finite,so that individuals must allocate their energy and time to optimize reproduction rate and extend life span.According to this aim,people develop two life history approaches: One is present-oriented strategy,,namely Fast Life History Strategy( FLH),and the other is future-oriented strategy,namely SlowLife History Strategy( SLH). T rust and life history strategy are both continuous processes,and closely related to the development of social environment. At present,C hina is more susceptible to environmental uncertainties and instabilities due to environmental pollution,frequent residential mobility,premature sexuality and casual sexual relations. Thus Chinese people are more likely to prefer FLH strategy. Individuals with FLH strategy have lower trust in others and society,resulting in the present crisis of trust. Therefore,this study tries to analyze the trust of Chinese people in the perspective of life history strategy,and the result shows that society,family and individual should work together to enhance the trust of the Chinese people.