中国宪法的环境观及其规范表达

The Environmental View of Chinese Constitution and Its Normative Expression

环境问题倒逼环境治理。面对环境保护及生态文明建设,应细致地剖析在宪法现象的逻辑结构中处于核心地位的宪法规范之环境条款本身,并围绕环境规范以及入宪等背景知识提炼出特定的宪法环境观,进而以环境观来诠释环境规范,最终实践于围绕环境规范与环境保护及治理制度的宪法关系。作为核心概念的宪法环境观表达了宪法对国家、人与环境关系的最基本、最核心的看法。既包括结构环境观,也包括规范环境观。在当下,环境治理的概念可以很好契合特定的"宪法环境现象的逻辑结构"。既包括宪法对环境治理的内部规制,也包括外部规制。但环境治理的法治化必须打破部门法的藩篱,构建以宪法为核心跨部门法协同的法律机制,并探索新的研究范式。从制度实施的角度看,环境治理需要理论支撑,除了治理理论、国家权力理论,环境权也是应有之义。

Environmental issues force environmental governance. Environment provision in the constitution is the core part in the logical construction of constitutional phenomenon. Facing environment protection, we should dissect environment provision in the constitution in detail, which is the important part of constitution norm. And according to environmental norm and the background knowledge of being written into the Chinese Constitution, we should form particular view of environment of Chinese Constitution. Then, we should define environment provision in the constitution in term of the particular view, and practice the particular view into constitutional relation of environment provision, environment protection and environmental governance system. The View of Environment in the Chinese Constitution expressed the most basic opinion about the relationship between nation, people and environmental relation in the constitution. The View of Environment includes structural environment view and normative environment view. At present, the concept of environmental governance can tally with the particular logical structure of constitutional environmental phenomena. Environment governance includes both internal and external regulations. But the legalization of environmental governance must break the fence of department law. We should establish the legal mechanism of cross-department law collaboration, which depends on the constitution, and research new paradigm. From the aspect of institutional implementation, environmental governance needs the support from theory. Except governance theory and national power theory, environmental rights should be one part of theoretical foundation.