司法改革试点再认识:与实验研究方法的比较与启示

Reconsideration on Judicial Reform Pilot:Comparison with Experimental Research Method and the Enlightenment

试点对于推动我国司法改革具有独特的功能。近年来司法改革试点进入"活跃期",呈现出从自发分散试点到整体规划授权试点的变化。试点与社会科学实验都建立在实证经验的基础之上,共享"改变带来效果"的基本逻辑,通过适用于多数对象实现可重复性,并都具有将局部结论外推到更大范围的强烈倾向。但试点并不仅仅是实验研究的一种表现形式,两者之间存在显著差异:试点内容的整体复合性明显有别于实验研究内容的单一性,试点难以达到实验的严格规范要求,试点还具有实验所不具备的功能等。应当借鉴实验研究方法,理性对待试点的验证功能,全面认识试点的其他功能,建立试点的实证数据基础与开展第三方循证评估,并从多方面改进试点的具体操作。

Pilot plays a unique role in China＇s judicial reforms. Recently, judicial reforms enter into fast track and show a remarkable change from initiative and scattered pilots to integral and planed pilots based on central legislature＇s authorization. Both pilot and social science experiment research are based on empirical experience and share basic same logic ＂changes bring effects＂. Both of them are applied to partial majority objects and strongly inclined to extrapolate partial conclusion to a larger scale. Significant distinguishes also exist between pilot and experiment research： contents of pilot are much richer than experiment; pilot cannot reach standard requirements of experiment research; pilot has extraordinary functions beyond experiment research. Learning from experiment research methods, it is necessary to regard verification function of pilot rationally, understand other functions of pilot comprehensively, establish empirical data foundation, launch evidence-based evaluation by third party and improve pilot＇s operations.