我国电子商务法调整的社会关系范围

The Scope of Social Relations Adjusted by the Electronic Commerce Law of China

制定电子商务法首先应分析电子商务涉及的社会关系。电子商务产生了三类社会关系,其中一种是不改变各种商事交易的法律性质、仅将交易从线下转移到线上而产生的新的社会关系,新的社会关系为各类商事交易所共有且不在现有法律的调整范围内。国际立法和许多国内立法均将此类社会关系作为专门的电子商务法的调整对象。我国《电子商务法(草案)》在规范第三方平台等方面进行了有益的探索,但其综合性立法模式也存在诸多不足,最主要的是该项立法缺乏特有的调整对象,所规范的内容与现行制度存在重叠、交叉与矛盾,宣示性条款过多等问题。我国电子商务立法应整合我国《电子签名法》《合同法》的相关规定,主要规范数据电文与电子合同、电子商务平台、身份识别与信任服务等三类问题。

To formulate the Electronic Commerce Law, we should first analyze the social relationships involved in e-commerce. There are three types of legal relationships accompanied with e-commerce. One of the new social relationships does not change the legal nature of various commercial transactions and only transfers deals from offline to online, which are common to all types of commercial transactions and are outside the scope of existing laws. Both the international and domestic legislation regard these kinds of social relationships as the specialized objects of the e-commerce law. The Electronic Commerce Law of China （Draft） has made meaningful exploration in regulating the third-party platforms, but there are also many shortcomings in its comprehensive legislative model. The most serious one is that there is no object specific to the law, many of the rules overlap, intersect or contradict with existing laws, and there are too many declarative clauses. The e-commerce legislation of China should integrate the relevant provisions of the Electronic Signature Law and the Contract Law of China, mainly regulating data message and electronic contract, e-commerce platforms, identification and trust services.