三权分置下农地流转权利体系重构研究

On the Reconstruction of the Right System of Rural Land Circulation under the Separation of Three Rights

基于改革目标之实现和重大制度创新定位的考虑,土地经营权必须被定性为用益物权;德国次地上权理论和实践为我国土地经营权的创设提供了法理依据;土地经营权分置的法权结构应表达为"土地所有权—土地承包经营权—土地经营权";承包地"三权分置"开创了新的农地流转方式并细分出了新的权利类型,由此对"两权分离"下的农地流转权利体系带来了系统性影响,并提出了重构该体系的要求。基于方式丰富、体系清晰、"物—债并存"等考虑,"三权分置"下的农地流转权利配置可整合为"土地所有权—土地承包经营权—土地经营权""土地所有权—土地承包经营权—土地租赁权""土地所有权—土地经营权""土地所有权—土地租赁权"四种类型。

Based on the consideration of the realization of reform objectives and the orientation of major institutional innovations, the land management fight must be characterized as the usufructuary right. The theory and practice of German secondary surface right provide legal basis for the creation of land management fight in China. The legal structure of the separation of land management rights should be expressed as ＂land ownership-rights to land contractual management-land management rights＂. ＂The separation of three rights＂ of the contracted land creates a new way of rural land circulation and subdivides new types of rights, which brings about systemic impact on the right fights separation＂, and proposes requirements system of rural land circulation under the ＂two for rebuilding the system. Considering various methods, clear system and ＂coexistence of real rights and creditor＇s rights＂, the allocation of rural land circulation rights under the ＂separation of three rights＂ can be integrated into four types, which are ＂land ownership-rights to land contractual management-land management fights＂, ＂land ownership- rights to land contractual management-land lease rights＂, ＂land ownership-land management rights＂ and ＂land ownership-land lease rights＂.