硫化氢(H_2S)熏蒸对葡萄损伤接种黑曲霉的抑制及其采后品质的影响

Effect of Gaseous H_2S Fumigation on Aspergillusnige Inhibition and Postharvest Quality of Table Grape

为了探讨气体信号分子硫化氢(H_2S)间歇熏蒸处理对葡萄采后病害的控制及贮藏品质的影响,本文以新疆无核白葡萄为试材,采用500μL/L H_2S气体对葡萄果实进行间歇熏蒸,分析研究H_2S处理对果实病情指数、病斑直径、果实主要贮藏品质和相关防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:H_2S熏蒸可显著降低损伤接种果实的病情指数,抑制病斑直径的扩大;降低了失重率、落粒率、腐烂率;延缓果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和抗坏血酸含量的下降,降低了叶绿素的分解速率,维持了其含量。同时,H_2S熏蒸处理能诱导果实体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶等防御酶活性的增强。说明H_2S气体熏蒸方式在延缓葡萄果实采后衰老、腐烂和软化,果实的采后抗病性和贮藏品质方面具有一定的应用前景。

The effects of intermittent fumigation with gaseous hydrogen sulfide（H2S） on postharvest disease control and storage quality of the grape were studied. The table grape（Vitis vinifera L. cv Thompson Seedless） was fumigated intermittently by 500 μL/L H2S. The effects of H2S treatment on the disease index, lesion diameter, and fruit storage quality were analyzed. The disease-related enzymes were measured as well. The results showed that H2S intermittent fumigation significantly reduced the disease index of inoculated fruits and inhibited the expansion of lesion diameter. The weight loss, drop rate, decay rate as well as the firmness were reduced by H2S. The H2S intermittent fumigation delayed the soluble solids（TSS）, titratable acid（TA） and ascorbic acid. The H2S treatment also decreased the rate of chlorophyll decomposition and maintained its content. The activities of defense enzymes, such as POD, PPO and PAL, were significantly enhanced by H2S fumigation treatment. These results suggested that the senescence improvement and the disease-resistance enhancement of postharvest grapes may be attributed to the induction of H2S. The H2S intermittent fumigation showed special prospects in disease resistance and quality improvement of postharvest fruits.