论隋炀帝的南方文化情结——兼与唐太宗作比

A Discussion of the Complex on the Southern Culture of Emperor Yangdi of Sui:Comparing to Emperor Taizong of Tang

隋炀帝对南方人文成就的高度评价,对南方文学的企羡和仿习,与关陇集团领袖人物如宇文泰、苏绰乃至其父隋文帝的态度极为不同。隋炀帝的南方文化情结最集中地体现在他对江都的特殊情感上,不妨径称为"江都情结"。炀帝继位初发动的营建东都、开凿运河、游幸江都等大型系列工程,诚然有着深刻的地缘政治、经济地理以及文化战略背景,但也与炀帝的江都情结有着直接而密切的关联,惟其如此,这些工程的合理性及其对后世的积极影响,也往往被忽视。炀帝选择江都作为葬身之地,即因江都是其事业发迹之所,精神故乡所在,文化情感所系,在某种意义上他是为江都情结而殉身。隋炀帝与唐太宗在诸多方面,包括南方文学好尚上,极其相似,但在如何处理个人的文化兴趣与治国理政的关系上,二人表现迥异。它从一个侧面透露了有诸多相似之处的唐太宗和隋炀帝,在政治成就和历史评价上何以如此迥异,而历史也昭示,没有隋朝的暴君炀帝作反面教员,就不会有唐代的明君太宗。

Emperor Yangdi of Sui sang high praise of the achievements of Southern humanities, and showed admiration as well as made imitative learning of the Southern literature, which was a vast different attitude with leaders of the Guanlong Group such as Yuwen Tai and Su Chuo. and even his father Emperor Wendi of Sui.His complex on the southern culture focuses on his special affection for city of Jiangdu, so it can be directly called as the "Jiangdu complex." Although the series of large projects such as founding the eastern capital, building the canal, and travelling to Jiangdu started at the beginning of Emperor Yangdi's succession were all done with the profound background of geopolitics, economic geography, and cultural strategy, those projects also had direct and close relation with the emperor's "Jiangdu complex." Only then the rationality and later positive effect of the projects are often be neglected.Emperor Yangdi chose Jiangdu as his sepulcher because it was the place where he rose to power, as well he settled his spirit and cultural affection.Emperor Yangdi of Sui and Emperor Taizong of Tang are extremely similar on many aspects including their admiration on the southern culture, but they act very differently on how to handle the relation between personal cultural interest and governing the empire, which causes different political achievements and historical evaluation.History also shows that there would not be the sagacious Emperor Taizong of Tang without the tyrant Emperor Yangdi of Sui as a negative example.