2017年通江县农村环境卫生状况调查

Survey of Rural Area Environmental Sanitation in Tongjiang County in 2017

目的掌握全县农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平及动态变化、客观评价农村环境卫生状况,给政府及主管部门制订并落实有关政策措施提供科学依据。方法采用简单随机方式抽取5个乡镇20个行政村100户农户作为调查对象,通过实地观察、问卷调查等方法获取基本资料,采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行分析。结果监测点中集中式供水构成比72.71%,卫生厕所占比60.79%,生活垃圾收集方式以统一收集为主占到45%,垃圾处理方式以焚烧为主,有86.36%的企业和养殖业、17%的家庭直接排放污水,土壤中重金属铅、镉、铬均在国家土壤环境质量标准二级水平。结论通江县农村集中式供水覆盖率较低,卫生厕所普及率较低,在垃圾收集处理、污水排放能力等方面有待提高,建议采取多种措施进一步改善农村环境卫生状况。

Objective To investigate the level and dynamic changes of rural environmental sanitation and its hazard factors in the county,objectively evaluate the rural environmental sanitation status,and provide the scientific basis for the government and competent authorities to formulate and implement relevant policies and measures. Methods A total of 100 households from 20 administrative villages in 5 townships were selected by simple random method. The basic data were obtained through field observation and questionnaire survey,then data were analyzed by SPSS 19. 0 statistical software. Results The proportion of centralized water supply among the monitoring points was 72. 71%,the proportion of sanitary toilets was 60. 79%. The collection method of domestic garbage was mainly unified collection,which counted for 45% of the total. The garbage disposal method was mainly based on incineration,86. 36% of the enterprises and breeding industrys,17% of households directly discharged their sewage. The heavy metals such as lead,cadmium and chromium in the soil were at the secondary level of the national soil environmental quality standard. Conclusion Tongjiang County had a low coverage rate of rural centralized water supply and a low penetration rate of sanitary toilets. It is still needed to improve the ability of garbage collection and treatment,as well as sewage discharge capacity. Various measures should be taken to improve the rural environmental sanitation.