日本战后初期精神伦理困境管窥——以对天野贞祐思想的考察为中心

Japanese Dilemma of Spiritual Ethics in the Early Post-war Period: A Study of the Thought of Amano Teiyu

二战后的日本知识分子面对战败的事实,感到迫切需要通过一种新的伦理重建价值系统来回应秩序和价值危机,作为"学者大臣"的天野贞祐制定了被称作"天野敕语"的《国民实践要领》,体现了他关于"道义国家"重建的设想。以天野为代表的知识分子依然无法摆脱对《教育敕语》价值系统的迷执,导致战后日本道德环境的畸形发展,以至不仅没有克服战后初期的精神伦理困境,反而为日本民主伦理的发展设置了障碍,并由此拉开了修改《教育基本法》的帷幕。

Faced with Japan＇ s defeat in WWII, Japanese scholars in the postwar periods came to recognize a growing need for establishing a new value system to respond to the crisis of social order and values. Japan＇s National Practice Essentials, also known as ＂the Amano Rescript＂, which was put forward by the scholar- minister Amano Teiyu, aimed at overcoming the dilemma of the spiritual ethics in the postwar Japan, and reflected Amano＇s vision of rebuilding Japan as ＂a country of morality＂ . However, Japanese scholars at that time, represented by Amano, were still obsessed with the value system established by the Imperial Rescript on Education, resulting in a failure in overcoming the dilemma of the spiritual ethics. On the contrary, they set up obstacles for the development of democratic ethics in Japan, which later led to the revision of Japan＇ s Basic Law of Education.