巯基检测方法研究进展

Research Progress on the Determination of Thiol Compounds

巯基是一类重要的含硫官能团,在生物、医药、功能化材料等领域都有十分重要的地位.大部分生物活性巯基化合物如谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸等在维持生命体氧化还原平衡和酶活性等方面都有十分重要的作用,近年来随着路易斯酸碱理论的发展,巯基功能化材料也成为新材料研发的重要类型之一.为了更好地开发和利用巯基化合物及其相关产品,作者对近年来有关利用巯基及巯基衍生物性质进行巯基检测的方法进行了分析总结.文献调研发现:目前对巯基的检测方法主要有滴定法、光度法、电化学分析法以及色谱法,其中光度法包括紫外-可见分光光度法(Ellman法、亚硝基重氮化耦合法、磷钨酸法等)、红外吸收光谱法、Raman光谱法、荧光分析法、化学发光法;色谱法包括气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法和毛细管电泳法.本文就近年来各种方法在巯基检测领域所发表的文献进行了归纳分类、分析和评述,比较了滴定法、光度法、电化学分析法、色谱法测定巯基的优缺点及其应用概况,分析了其对生命科学、食品科学、材料学、环境学等相关研究、生产方面的指导和辅助作用.结果发现:以Ellman法应用最广泛,进行荧光分析法研究的最多,且大多数检测方法需要对巯基进行衍生化处理.同时还对每类巯基检测方法的发展进行了展望,以期为相关领域的研究者提供参考.

As an important sulfur-containing functional groups, thiol exhibits vital role in the fields of biological, pharmaceutical, functional materials, etc. Most of the biological thiol compounds, such as glutathione and cysteine, play a very important role in the redox balance and enzyme activity in living body. With the development of Lewis acid-base theory, thiol-functional compounds have become one of the most important materials for developing new materials. In order to better develop and utilize thiol compounds and their related products, the determination of thiol and thiol derivatives were summarized. Titration, spectrophotometry, electrochemical analysis and chromatography are the main detection method for thiol, where spectrophotometry includes UV-vis spectrophotometry （Ellman method, nitroso-diazotization coupling method, phosphorus tungstic acid method, etc.）, infrared absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence analysis and chemiluminescence analysis, and chromatography includes gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Volumetric methods have high sensitivity. However, its operation is tedious, long-time-consuming, and not suitable for the determination of trace and ultra-trace component, and not used extensively in practice. Though spectroscopy is the most widely used method, its selectivity is poor and it can only detect the total amount of thiol compounds. Chromatography allows the separation of complex systems and can be used in conjunction with other high-sensitivity methods to expand the range of applications. This work summarized various methods for the detection of sulfhydryl in recent years. The advantages and disadvantages of titration, spectrophotometry, electrochemical analysis and chromatography were compared. The application of such methods in life science, food science, material science and environmental science was discussed. Results showed Ellman method was used most extensively, fluorescence analysis methods were studied most widely, and most of the detection methods required the derivatization of thiol. Meanwhile, the prospect of each detection method was proposed, which was expected to provide reference for relevant researchers.