交通补贴对城市居民效用的影响分析

The impact analysis of transport subsidies on urban individual welfare

本文考虑线性单中心城市中居民的个体差异，构建空问均衡模型，探讨了交通补贴对城市居民福利效用的影响．首先，从离散型的用户异质性角度，根据时间价值的差异，将用户分为若干异质群体．然后，将异质性用户从离散型拓展至连续型，分析两种不同的土地所有权情形．如果城市居民不具有土地所有权，在空间均衡下，交通使用者都会从其所得的交通补贴中获利，且时间价值越高者获益更多；而在交叉影响分析中，私家车用户的效用不受公交车补贴的影响，但私家车补贴却导致公交车用户的福利降低，时间价值越低者损失越大．如果城市居民就是土地所有者，在一定条件下，时间价值较高者受益于其交通补贴的提高，而时间价值较低者受损．

This paper provides a spatial model in a linear monocentric city with considering welfare effect on heterogeneous commuters. Firstly, the population is assumed to comprise limited discrete group commuters and each group with the same value of time （VOT）. Then, the analysis is extended to the individuals with continuous VOT from the discrete scenario. According to the landownership, we consider two polar cases with relevant conclusions. With absentee landownership, in the spatial equilibrium, every commuter is better off if the subsidy is enlarged and individual with high VOT benefits more than those with low values. However, subsidies for different modes have different effects. Automobile drivers will not be impacted from bus subsidies, whilst bus users suffer frora automobile subsidies. The lower the bus users＇ VOT, the more they will lose. When all land is owned by city residents, some ones gains from subsides what others loses, on certain conditions.