基于生态敏感性和生态系统服务价值的昌黎县生态廊道构建

Construction of ecological corridors in Changli County based on ecological sensitivity and ecosystem service values

生态廊道的作用在于提供生物迁徙的路径、促进不同栖息地之间的物种交流.廊道的构建能够减轻因城市化速度加快导致景观破碎化带来的危害,对生物多样性的保护具有十分重要的意义.本文以昌黎县为研究区,以2015年土地利用现状为基础,采用生态敏感性评价和生态系统服务价值分析的综合结果确定生态源地,然后基于最小累积阻力模型(MCR)和最小成本路径方法生成潜在廊道,根据重力模型对关键廊道进行识别,最终得到研究区包括4条重要廊道和2条一般廊道在内的生态廊道体系,旨在促进昌黎县生态廊道建设工程的科学实施和保护生物多样性.结果表明:研究区生态敏感性总体一般,生态系统服务价值总体较差,两者均呈现出四周高于中间的特点.生态源地主要分布在北部碣石山风景区、东部滨海国有林场和西部水源保护地这3个区域,与研究区生态环境建设与保护规划(2011—2030年)确定的自然保护区高度吻合.研究区生态廊道总长112.66 km,其中,重要廊道47.61 km,一般廊道65.05 km,廊道的最佳宽度范围为30~60 m,生态廊道与生态源地大致构成了一个环形闭合区域,能够有效促进生物物种的迁徙和物质能量的交流.

Ecological corridors provide essential routes for biological migration,which would promote species exchange among different habitats. The construction of corridors is beneficial to alleviate the damages caused by the fragmentation of landscapes due to the acceleration of urbanization,with significance to biodiversity conservation. In this study,we located the ecological sources with the results of ecological sensitivity evaluation and ecosystem service value analysis in Changli County based on its land use status in 2015. Then,we produced the potential corridors with the minimal cumulative resistance model（ MCR） and the minimum cost path method,and identified the key corridors with the gravity model. We put forward the ecological corridor system including four important corridors and two general corridors to underpin the scientific knowledge for the ecological corridor construction project and biodiversity conservation. The results showed that the ecological sensitivity of this area was relatively moderate and ecosystem services value was relatively low. Both the ecological sensitivity and ecosystem services were lower in the middle area but higher in around areas.The ecological sources were mainly distributed in the northern Jieshi Mountain Scenic Area,the eastern coastal state-owned forest farm and the western water source conservation area,which were highly coincident with the nature reserves determined by Ecological Environment Construction and Protection Planning（ 2011-2030） in the study area. The total length of the corridors was 112.66 km,within which the length of important ones was 47.61 km and that of general ones was 65.05 km.The best width of the corridors was around 30 to 60 m. The ecological corridors and ecological sources constituted an annular closed area,which would effectively promote species migration and the exchange of material and energy.