军都山古代人群股骨肌腱附着位点初步分析

Preliminary analysis of femoral entheseal changes in Jundushan pastoralists

肌肉通过肌腱、韧带附着于骨骼,附着位点的形态改变与肌肉功能相关,因而被用于古代人群肢体功能活跃度的复原。本文对东周时期军都山古代人群股骨的臀中肌、髂腰肌、腓肠肌内侧头三个纤维软骨性附着位点的形态进行了观测,并与清代君子村组进行对比,检验其形态变化与组别、性别、年龄、体型的相关性。结果表明,部分附着位点的形态改变随年龄而增加,但性别、体型及组别差异对附着位点形态变化的影响较小。这与很多上肢研究中发现的附着位点形态受性别、体型、劳动强度等影响结论不同。这种差别可能来自下肢承重以及更为复杂的功能状况等原因,军都山与君子村样本年龄结构的不一致性也是一个重要影响因素。对于古代人群下肢肌腱附着位点形态变化与其功能状况的关系需要更深入的探讨。

The generally accepted association between mechanical loadings and skeletal changes at entheses has been widely used for activity reconstruction of past populations. Femoral fibrocartilaginous entheseal changes （ECs） of Jundushan Bronze Age pastoralists were studied using the Coimbra method and compared with a sample from Junzicun agriculturalists of the Qing Dynasty. The prevalence of ECs indicated that age resulted in changes in some femoral entheses in these two samples. However physical activity as well as sex and body size as represented by femoral head diameter did not result in differences in femoral ECs. The weight-bearing function of the lower limb and demographic differences between Jundushan and Junzicun may have affected the results. The use of femoral ECs in activity reconstructions is more complex than expected, as there may be other factors beyond age, size and labour intensity affecting ECs in the lower limb. It is recommended that more research on this topic is conducted in the future.