东北沦陷时期辽源矿工墓遇难矿工遗骸的骨骼创伤

Research on the skeletal trauma of the victims in Liaoyuan miners' cemetery

本文所研究的材料来自吉林省辽源市东北沦陷时期辽源矿工墓陈列馆。通过对陈列馆中197例遇难矿工遗骸(男性186例,女性4例,未成年7例)的观察和研究,发现暴力行为导致的骨骼创伤在该群体中大量存在,共计发现遭受创伤个体40例,各类创伤70处。本文运用法医创伤学的研究方法,对辽源矿工墓遇难矿工遗骸上的各类创伤进行了观察和测量,分析伤害发生时施暴者的位置、打击方向和用手习惯等,结合骨折类型和具体的创伤形态对遗骸上出现的所有创伤进行分类研究。经过分析可知,遇难矿工遗骸上所见创伤大部分是人为手持刀、锤、棒等高效击打工具当面暴力打击颅骨所致,且打击者左手持械的几率较大,推测当时可能存在专职的"打手"对矿工实施管理和惩戒。文章还对部分创伤个体的遇害情境进行了推测,为探讨日伪时期辽源地区矿工的生存状态提供了重要参考。

In this paper, the authors study on the skeletal materials from the museum of Liaoyuan miners cemetery in the period of degeneration in Northeast region in Liaoyuan, Jilin province. Through the observation and research of 197 individuals （male186, female 4 and minor 7）, the authors found that trauma caused by violence on the remains of dead miners shows a certain rate. A total of 40 individuals shows the traumas while 70 cases have been found. This paper combed the predecessors＇ study of bone trauma history. By using forensic traumatology research methods,trauma types and sizes were observed and measured. The authors also analyzed the location of the batter, the strike direction and handedness when the injury happened and classify the traumas. Statistical analysis shows the distribution of trauma in different groups, the proportion of all kinds of trauma appeared, and in the distribution of trauma and the degree of damage. The study shows that the puppet army ruler persecution for miners has been extended to women and children. Most of traumas found in remains were caused by effective struck tools such as swords or hammers violently blow to the skull face to face. And the striker armed at greater risk of left hands. It indicates that there might have a full-time goons for miners direct damage at that time. Finally make a tentative hypothesis for the realistic causes of some trauma individuals that were killed. Strive to restore the objective situation when the miners were injured. So as to provide a reference for explore the living environment and condition of the miners that time.