泥河湾盆地马梁遗址第10地点2016年出土石制品研究

A preliminary report on the stone artifacts of 2016 excavation of Maliang Locality 10 in the Nihewan Basin

马梁遗址地处泥河湾盆地东缘,发现于1983年,并于同年及2006、2008年分别进行小规模发掘,出土了少量石制品和动物化石。2016年,为建立该区域早-中更新世古人类演化的文化序列,河北省文物研究所对低于马梁遗址文化层约3m的马梁第10地点开展试掘,发掘面积18m2,出土石制品197件,动物化石1500余件。石制品原料以燧石、石英砂岩和白云岩为主;类型包括石核、石片、工具、砾石、岩块、断块和碎屑等。技术上,以硬锤锤击为主要打制技术,石核剥坯较为简单,未见修理台面,工具加工缺乏"精制品",表现出较为单一和简单化的石器工业面貌。

Maliang site, located in the Nihewan basin of North China, was discovered and excavated in 1984, 2006 and 2008, and yielded a few lithic artifacts and animal fossils. Paleomagnetic dating suggests that early humans colonized the site around 0.8-0.9 Ma. In order to reveal cultural features of the site integrally, a new excavation was undertaken by the Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics at Maliang Locality 10 in 2016. The excavation exposed an area of 18 m^2. Large quantities of animal fossils fragments and 197 stone artifacts were unearthed. In techno-typological aspects, lithic raw materials are procured from the adjacent area, predominated by chert, quartz sandstone and dolomite. The artifact types include cores, test cores, flakes, tools, pebbles, blocks, angular fragments and shatters. The flaking technique is dominated by direct hard-hammer percussion without core preparation. The tools are casually retouched by direct hammer percussion. Compared to the early sites in the other part of the basin, such as Xiaochangliang, Donggutuo and Cenjiawan, the knapping techniques and the tool-production skills in Maliang Locality 10 seems to be simplified.