中国汉族乡村成年人的身高与体质量的地理性分布

Geographical distribution of stature and body mass of rural Chinese Han adults

目前尚未见大样本的中国乡村汉族人随纬度、经度增长,身高、体质量值的变化规律的报道。为此,2009～2013年测量了16501例汉族人(共36个调查地区)乡村成人的身高、体质量等13项指标值,并计算了3项指数。研究不同纬度、经度地区汉族乡村成人的身高、体质量值变化规律以及这种规律形成的原因。研究发现,汉族人的身高、体质量与纬度、经度均呈正相关。随纬度增加,男性和女性的躯干、下肢的高度值均增大是身高与纬度呈正相关的原因。随纬度增加,男性身高的增加、躯干的增粗共同促进体质量与纬度呈正相关,女性身高、躯干围度、四肢围度、背部皮下脂肪厚度值的增大是体质量与纬度呈正相关的原因。男性随经度增加,身高增大,躯干部的增粗是导致体质量与经度相关的原因。而四肢和躯干的皮下脂肪、四肢的围度并不随经度的增加而线性增大。随经度增加,女性的身高、臀围呈线性增大,这是导致女性体质量与经度相关的主要原因。遗传、环境、经济发展水平的差异是导致身高、体质量与纬度、经度呈正相关的因素。

There is no report of large samples about variations of stature and body mass of rural Han in China increasing with latitude and longitude. As a result of this lack, we measured 13 indicators including stature and weight of 16501 rural Han adults in 36 areas in China from 2009 to 2013. From these measurements we calculated three indices. The results of this research show that stature and latitude of rural Han adults is positively correlated, and that the height of the trunk and lower limb all increased with latitude. With latitude increasing, the velocity of the lower extremity and length increase in males exceeding a positive correlation between body mass and latitude. The increase in stature, trunk circumference, limb circumference of females, and back subcutaneous fat also exceeded the positive correlation between body mass and latitude. This increase in stature was due to an increase in the lower extremity length. With latitude increasing, there was also an increase in Chinese rural Han stature and trunk circumference, thickness of female triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, and supraspinale skinfold. Variations in all the factors above shows a positive correlation between body mass and latitude in our sample. Stature and body mass of males and females are positively correlated with longitude, which means that stature and body mass of rural Han linearly increase with longitude. Stature of males and females show a positive correlation with trunk and lower limbs that are linearly increasing with longitude. Larger stature and thicker trunks associated with longitude in male Han is why body mass is correlated with longitude. Subcutaneous fat of the trunk and limbs are not linearly increased with longitude. Stature and hip circumference of females linearly correlated with longitude explains why female body mass is correlated with longitude. Heredity, geographical conditions and economic development have led to stature and body mass being positively correlated with longitude. Differences of genetic, environment and level of economic development are the main factors that influence different physical characteristics of the Han in southern and northern China.