就业类型、社会福利与流动人口城市融入——来自微观数据的经验证据

Employment Type, Social Welfare and Urban Integration of Floating Population——Evidence from Microdata

本文以身份认同和定居意愿表示个体城市融入状况，从就业特征和职工社会保险的视角探讨农民工城市融入问题。研究发现，就业的非正规性和缺乏城镇职工基本社会保险是阻碍农民工城市融入的重要因素，其中职工基本社会保险对城市融入的影响最为明显。进一步分析发现，农民工群体主要在私营企业和个体工商户部门就业，就业的部门特征是导致非正规就业比重高且职工基本社会保险覆盖率过低的主要原因。为推动新型城镇化进程并提高外来人口城市融入，可以通过相关政策促进就业正规化并提高城镇职工基本社会保险覆盖率。包括取消城市部分行业和部门对外来人口的准入限制，通过劳动督察和税收激励政策提高私营企业建立正规劳动关系并为职工缴纳社会保险的比重，通过放宽缴费条件、降低缴费基数、增加社会保险种类等方式促进灵活就业者参与城镇社会保险。

This paper expresses the integration status of individuals by means of identity and willingness to settle, and discusses the urban integration of migrant workers from the perspective of employment characteristics and employees＇ social insurance. The study found out that the informality of employment and the lack of basic social insurance for urban workers are important factors hindering the urban integration of migrant workers, and the basic social insurance of employees has the most obvious impact on urban integration. Further analysis found out that the groups of migrant workers are mainly employed in the private sectors and industrial commercial households. The sectoral characteristics of employment are the main reason for the high proportion of informal employment and the low coverage of basic social insurance for employees. In order to promote the new urbanization process and increase the urban integration of migrant workers, we should promote the formalization of employment and improve the basic social insurance coverage of urban workers through relevant policies. These policies include canceling the access restrictions of some industries and departments in cities, improving the proportion of private enterprises that establish formal labor relations and pay social insurance for employees through labor inspection and tax incentives, and promoting flexible employees to participate in urban social insurance by relaxing the payment conditions, lowering the payment base, and increasing types of social insurance.