社会资本的差异分配与农村减贫——基于山东、河南、陕西三省的调查分析

The Distribution of Social Capital and the Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas——Based on the Investigation and Analysis of Shandong, Henan and Shaanxi Provinces

运用世界银行的社会资本指标体系，通过对山东、河南和陕西三省461个农村家庭的调查，分析了农村家庭社会资本的结构、性质及其与农村贫困的关系，结果发现：社会资本在不同收入家庭间的分配存在明显差异，贫困家庭的社会资本水平明显低于非贫困家庭；但由于缺乏可利用的资源，社会资本对提高贫困家庭收入的作用更具有比较优势。营建培育社会资本的良好社会环境，投资社会资本以提高农村家庭获得资源的能力和机会，对减轻农村贫困具有重要意义。

Using the World Bank＇s social capital indicator system, through the survey of 461 rural households in Shan- dong, Henan and Shaanxi provinces, the paper analyzes the structure and nature of rural households＇ social capital and its rela- tionship with rural poverty. It is found that the distribution of social capital varies significantly in households with different in- comes. The social capital of poor households is significantly lower than that of non-poor households. However, due to the lack of available resources, social capital has a comparative advantage in improving the income of poor households. Building a good social environment for fostering social capital and investing in social capital to improve the ability and opportunities for rural families to access resources are of great significance in alleviating rural poverty.