试析文化遗产保护中的权利冲突——以贵州安顺天龙屯堡、云峰屯堡为例

Study of Rights Conflicts of Different Subjects in Cultural Heritage:On Tianlong and Yunfeng in Anshun,Guizhou

不同主体基于特定的文化遗产享有不同的权利。实践中,尤其是在旅游开发等商业行为中,这些权利之间的冲突表现得最为激烈,如文化遗产所有权与文化遗产参与权的冲突、文化发展权与文化遗产管理权的冲突,以及不同主体基于特定文化遗产财产权的冲突等。文章以贵州安顺天龙屯堡、云峰屯堡为个案,以权利主体为主线,厘清了权利冲突背后的利益分配问题。将文物保护员制度推广至物质文化遗产的保护中,为文化发展权的实现提供制度和思想基础,完善非物质文化遗产私有财产权的补偿制度,可以有效促进文化遗产的保护与可持续发展。

Different subjects have different rights based on specific cultural heritage.These rights conflict against each other most seriously in commercial activities like tourist development in practice.There are three kinds of conflicts:the clash caused by the rights of ownership and participation of cultural heritage,the clash caused by the rights of development and management of of cultural heritage,and the clash between different subjects fighting for property rights of specific cultural assets.Based on the subject of rights in the examples of Tianlong and Yunfeng of Anshun,Guizhou,this article clarifies questions of interest distribution behind rights conflicts.By introducing the institution of protector of cultural relics to the protection of material and cultural heritage,providing institutional and theoretical bases for the fulfillment of the rights of cultural development,developing the compensation institution of private ownership of intangible cultural heritage can effectively promote the protection of cultural heritage and its sustainable development.