淋球菌对头孢菌素低敏耐药现状及机制研究进展

Research progress on status and mechanism of low sensitivity or resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeaeto cephalosporin

淋球菌（即淋病奈瑟菌）极易产生耐药，头孢菌素是治疗淋病的首选。近几年国内外相继出现对第3代头孢菌素类药物耐药和低敏的淋球菌，因此淋球菌耐药机制的研究显得格外重要。研究显示淋球菌耐药的机制主要集中在以下3个方面：①抗生素作用位点的改变，如青霉素结合蛋白的改变，影响抗生素和淋球菌的结合；②细菌的膜外孔蛋白的改变，影响药物的内流；③外排系统的改变，使药物的外排作用增强，从而药物产生耐药。研究和探讨淋球菌耐药机制对淋病的防治有着极为重要的意义。

Cephalosporin is still the first-line drug chosen for the treatment of gonorrhea, although it is likely to develop resistance to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Recently, the resistance or low sensitivity of cephalosporin to Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been reported at home and abroad. The studies of resistance mechanism to Neisseria gonorrhoeae are particularly important. The resistance mechanism is mainly lied in three aspects. The first is the changes in antibiotic target sites, for example, the changes in penicillin- binding proteins would affect the binding of antibiotics to Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; the second is the changes in bacterial cell membrane porin which effects drugs influxing; the third is the changes in efflux system which enhances the bacterial efflux capacity. To study and explore the mechanism of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of gonorrhea.