试论移文文体的功能——以《文选》与《文心雕龙》中选文为例

A Study of the Stylistic Function of Yi Wen——Taking Selections in Zhao Ming's Selected Works and The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons as Examples

移文是中国古代一种重要的散文文体,它萌芽于先秦,到了六朝时期基本定型,唐以后,移文作为一种应用文体,在国家政务中仍发挥着重要的作用。在这一发展演变过程中,两汉魏晋南北朝是移文创作的兴盛期,也是移文发展演变的关键期。根据萧统《文选》的"集其清英"和刘勰《文心雕龙》的"选文以定篇"可知,司马相如的《喻巴蜀檄》《难蜀父老》、刘歆的《移书让太常博士》、孔稚珪的《北山移文》是这一时期移文中的典范之作,它们分别体现出移文具有晓喻劝诫、批评指责、讽刺嘲讽的功能。

Yi Wen was an important style of pro se in ancient China. It sprouted from Pre-Qin and basically fell into a pattern in the Six Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, as a kind of practical writing, it still played an important role in the state administration. The Han, Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties were the flourishing period of Yi Wen writing, as well as the critical period for its development and evolution. Because Zhao Ming＇s Selected Works is ＂the collection of excellent essays＂ and Liu Xie＇s The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons ＂selects the representative works as the chapters for discussion＂, Sima Xiangru＇s Instruction for the Official Call to Army in Bashu, Call Bashu People to Account and Liu Xin＇s Yi Wen to Chamberlain for Ceremonials Erudite, as well as Kong Zhigui＇s Yi Wen about the Fake Hermits in Beishan Mountain, are all exemplary ones in this period. They respectively reflect the function of persuading, criticizing and satirizing.