紫花苜蓿中活性成分的功能及分析测定技术研究进展

Research progress on the function and analytical determination technology of active constituents in alfalfa

紫花苜蓿为豆科蝶形花亚科苜蓿属植物,矿物质、蛋白质、维生素含量丰富,这些特性使其成为家畜饲料的理想选择,具有产草量高、利用年限长、再生性强、适口性强等优点,素有"牧草之王"的称号。此外,紫花苜蓿中含有多种活性化合物成分,包括:矿物质、氨基酸、非蛋白质氨基酸、有机酸、多元醇、生物碱、胡萝卜素、香豆素、消化酶、类黄酮、酚类化合物、植物雌激素、植物甾醇、多胺、皂素以及其他挥发性有机化合物,如萜烯类、呋喃类、醇类和酮类等化合物。文章综述了近十年有关紫花苜蓿活性化合物成分功能及其分析检测方法,将紫花苜蓿中的活性成分分为三大类型:矿物质、初级代谢产物以及次级代谢产物,分别详细地综述了每种类型所包括的具体化合物活性成分、活性成分的生理功能及其相关的分析测定技术,介绍了紫花苜蓿中各种活性化合物成分的有效分析方法,旨在为今后紫花苜蓿活性物质研究提供科学有利的技术参考。

Alfalfa, a genus of the genus Eucalyptus, is rich in minerals, protein and vitamins. These characteristics make it an ideal choice tor livestock teed, and because of its high grass yield, long lite, and regeneration. It has the advantages of strong sex and strong palatability, and is known as the ＂king of the pasture＂. In addition, alfalfa contains a variety of active ingredients, including： minerals, amino acids, non-protein amino acids, organic acids, polyols, alkaloids, carotene, coumarin, digestive enzymes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, plants Estrogen, phytosterols, polyamines, saponins and other volatile organic compounds such as terpenes, turans, alcohols and ketones. In this paper, the functions of the active constituents of altalfa and their analytical methods were reviewed. The active constituents of altalfa were divided into three types： minerals, primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. The types of specific compounds, the physiological functions of the active ingredients, and the related analytical techniques, and the ettective analysis methods for various active compound components in altalth, aim to provide an advantageous technical reterence tor scientific research in future alfalfa active substances.