市场化差异对城乡创业的影响分析

The Influence of Marketization Differentiation on Urban and Rural Entrepreneurship

农村创业已经成为助推大众创业万众创新的重要力量。使用"中国家庭追踪调查"和"中国市场化指数"等数据实证分析了市场化程度对城乡创业的影响。研究结果表明,市场化程度总评分、政府和市场的关系、要素市场和中介市场的市场化程度对创业活动均有显著正向作用。使用工具变量估计,上述结论依然稳健。进一步分析发现,中国的市场化进程对农村和城市的个体创业、公司制创业的影响存在异质性,市场化进程显著推动农村的个体创业,公司制创业更多向城市集聚。

This paper empirically analyzes the influence of marketization degree on urban and rural entrepreneurship by using the data of ＂China Family Panel studies（ CFPS） of 2010＂and＂Neri Index of Marketization of China Provinces＂. We find that the overall marketization degree,the relationship between the government and the market,the marketization degree of factor market and the intermediary market have significant positive effects on entrepreneurial activities,and these results are still robust when using instrument variables to overcome the endogenous problems. Further analysis shows that China＇s marketization process has heterogeneous influence on individual entrepreneurship and corporate entrepreneurship in rural and urban areas. Generally speaking,the marketization process has promoted the individual entrepreneurship in rural areas,and the corporate system has more gathered in the city. The significance of this paper is that the government should further deepen the market reform,especially to improve the factor market and intermediary market,so as to promote the realization of the whole society innovation and entrepreneurship.