后发企业自主构建全球生产网络的成长机制——基于专有能力和网络优势的互动研究

Research on the Growing Mechanism of Independently Building the Global Production Networks for the Latecomer Firms——Based on Proprietary Capability and Network Advantages

自主构建全球生产网络(GPNs)是企业实现持续成长的最优选择。企业构建GPNs的基础是竞争优势,竞争优势来自两个方面:企业内部的专有能力和企业外部的网络优势。对于具有异质性竞争优势的后发企业来说,其作用机制和成长路径可归结为三类:一是低端专有优势强化——高端专有优势培育——网络竞争优势打造;二是低端专有优势培育——群体竞争优势构建——网络竞争位势提升;三是网络群体竞争力寻求——专有能力优势培育——网络竞争优势增强。最后以万向集团的企业成长为例对成长机制进行了深入探讨,说明了后发企业可依据上述作用机制选择相应的发展模式并对生产网络进行治理,实现生产网络动态调整,从而进一步提升企业专有能力和优化网络优势。

Independently building global production networks（ GPNs） is the best choice for companies to achieve sustained growth. Competitive advantage is the basis for the construction of GPNs. The competitive advantage can be decomposed into two aspects： the internal proprietary ability of enterprises and the external network advantages. For the later-comer enterprises which have heterogeneous competitive advantage,the growing mechanism and growth path can be attributed to three categories： First,strengthening low-end proprietary advantages-cultivating high-end proprietary advantages-building network competitive advantage; Second,cultivating low-end proprietary advantage-constructing group competitive advantage-improving network competition potential position; third,seeking the competitiveness of network group-cultivating the advantages of proprietary ability-enhancing network competitive advantage.The enterprise can follow the growing mechanism to manage the production network from the single network node management and the overall network coordination respectively,and realize the dynamic adjustment of the production network so as to further enhance the enterprise＇s proprietary ability and optimize the network advantage.