时变增益模型在辽宁干旱半干旱流域的适用性研究

The applicability research of TVGM model in arid and semiarid watersheds of Liaoning Province

自然流域属于典型复杂开放的系统,水文要素的时空变化具有高度非线性的特点,干旱半干旱流域尤其显著。因此,针对干旱半干旱流域降雨径流非线性问题,运用水文非线性时变增益模型(TVGM)、GR4J模型、总径流线性响应模型及线性扰动模型对辽宁省干旱半干旱流域日径流过程进行模拟分析,从2个精度衡量指标对4个模型的应用效果进行较为深入的对比分析,探究这4个模型在干旱半干旱流域降雨径流模拟中的适用性。结果表明:在辽宁省干旱半干旱流域的水文模拟中,TVGM模型适用性最好、GR4J模型次之,两种线性模型适用性较差。TVGM模型引入时变增益因子,综合考虑了土壤湿度、降雨强度等产流的关键要素,其模拟和验证效果都比较理想,体现了该模型的特色和应用价值。

Natural watershed is a typical complex open system,and the tempo-spatial variation of hydrological elements is highly nonlinear especially in arid and semiarid watersheds.Therefore,focusing on the nonlinear relationship between rainfall and runoff in arid and semiarid watersheds,this paper applied the Time Variant Gain Model （TVGM）,GR4J,Total Linear Response Model（TLR）,and Linear Perturbation Model（LPM） to simulate the daily streamflow in Liaoning Province,China.We compared the application effects of the four models in terms of two accuracy measures to investigate the applicability of these four models in the simulation of rainfall and runoff in arid and semiarid watersheds.The results showed that the TVGM model was the best choice,followed by the GR4J model,whereas the two linear models performed poorly in the hydrological simulation of arid and semi-arid watersheds in Liaoning Province.The TVGM model introduced the time variant gain factor and considered the key factors （e.g.,watershed wetness and rainfall intensity） of runoff generation.It presented much more satisfying results than the other models during the calibration and validation periods.This is the characteristic and application value of TVGM model.