节水减氮对日光温室番茄产量和水氮利用效率的影响

Effects of water saving and nitrogen reduction on tomato yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency in solar greenhouse

为降低蔬菜园区经验水肥管理制度造成的资源浪费,提高作物水肥利用效率,探讨了滴灌和膜下沟灌两种灌水技术下,节水减氮对番茄根区深层渗漏量、番茄耗水量、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:在采用60%~80%园区经验灌水量的条件下,番茄耗水量降低了17%~43%、水分利用效率提高了9%~59%,灌水量对产量影响不显著;而在50%园区经验施氮量的条件下,番茄增产9%~17%、氮肥利用效率提高12%~35%;滴灌与膜下沟灌相比,春夏茬各试验处理水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率和产量均值分别提高6.9%、8.4%和8.2%,秋冬茬分别提高4.1%、4.9%和5.3%。综合分析表明,与园区经验水氮用量相比,80%的经验灌水量、50%的经验施氮量不会显著降低产量,但可以显著提高水氮利用效率;滴灌与膜下沟灌相比能减少深层渗漏量,减少水肥资源的浪费。

In order to reduce the waste of resources caused by the experience management of water and fertilizer in the vegetable garden,and to improve water and fertilizer use efficiency of crops,we discussed the effects of water saving and nitrogen reduction on deep percolation of tomato root zone,tomato water consumption,yield,and water and nitrogen use efficiency under two irrigation conditions：drip irrigation and under-film furrow irrigation.The results showed that when the irrigation amount was 60%-80% of the experience amount of the garden,the water consumption of tomatoes decreased by 17%-43%,and the water use efficiency increased by 9%-59%;the effect of irrigation amount on yield was not significant.When the nitrogen application amount was 50% of the experience amount of the garden,the tomato yield increased by 9%-17%,and the nitrogen use efficiency increased by 12%-35%.Compared with under-film furrow irrigation,drip irrigation could increase the average values of water use efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield by 6.9%,8.4% and 8.2% respectively for the spring and summer batch,and by 4.1%,4.9% and 5.3% respectively for the autumn and winter batch.Comprehensive analysis showed that compared with the experience amount of water and nitrogen use in the garden,using 80% of the experience irrigation amount and 50% of the experience nitrogen amount will not significantly reduce the yield,but will significantly improve water and nitrogen use efficiency.Compared with under-film furrow irrigation,drip irrigation can reduce deep percolation,and reduce the waste of water and fertilizer resources.