不同山药品种比较试验研究

Comparative Experimental Study on Different Varieties of Yam

利用随机区组试验设计,以湖北恩施棒棒山药为对照,对安徽桐城山药、山东潍坊山药、江苏淮安山药进行品种比较试验,观察其生育期、农艺性状、经济性状、品质特征,筛选出最适宜恩施州推广的不同类型山药品种。研究结果表明,从生育期上看,安徽桐城山药为早熟品种,恩施棒棒山药和山东潍坊山药为中熟品种,江苏淮安山药为晚熟产品。从农艺性状来看,恩施棒棒山药和江苏淮安山药长势强,分枝多,无或极少零余子;安徽桐城山药长势弱,分枝少,零余子多;山东潍坊山药长势中等,分枝较多,无零余子。从经济性状上看,江苏淮安山药和恩施棒棒山药产量最高,山东潍坊山药产量中等,安徽桐城山药产量最低。从品质特征上看,恩施棒棒山药淀粉含量、粗蛋白质含量和硒含量最高,品质最好;江苏淮安山药水分含量、可溶性总糖含量最高,硒含量较高;安徽桐城山药各成分整体含量较高,质量中上;山东潍坊山药水分含量和淀粉含量较高。综合以上因素考虑,恩施棒棒山药最适合在恩施州种植,品质好,产量高,富含硒元素,有良好的药用保健价值;江苏淮安山药其次,产量高,品质中上,可作为菜用和加工引入;安徽桐城山药产量低,品质高,可作药用;山东潍坊山药水分含量和淀粉含量高,可作菜用。

Using randomized block experimental design, taking Hubei Enshi bangbang yam as the control, the variety comparative test among Anhui Tongcheng yam, Shandong Weifang yam, Jiangsu Huai＇an yam was conducted to observe the growing period, agronomic traits, economic traits and quality characteristics, so as to screen out the most suitable yam varieties in Enshi autonomous prefecture. Research results showed that, Anhui Tongcheng yam is early maturity variety, Enshi bangbang yam and Shandong Weifang yam are medium maturing varieties, Jiangsu Huai＇an yam is late maturing variety.From the view of agronomic traits, Enshi bangbang yam and Huai＇an yam has stronger growing, much branched, no or few bulbil; Anhui Tongcheng yam had weak growing, little ramose, more bulbil; Shandong Weifang yam had medium growing,more branches, no bulbil. From the view of economic traits, the production of Huai＇an yam and Enshi bangbang yam was the highest, that of Shandong Weifang yam was medium, Anhui Tongcheng yam yield was the least. From the view of quality characteristics, Enshi bangbang yam starch content, crude protein content and selenium content were the highest, the quality was the highest; Jiangsu Huai＇an yam water content, total soluble sugar content was the highest, selenium content was higher; Anhui Tongcheng yam all components contents were higher, the quality was upper; Shandong Weifang yam water content and starch content was higher. In conclusion, Enshi bangbang yam is most suitable for planting in Enshi, with high quality, high yield, rich selenium, good medicinal value; Jiangsu Huaian yam was secondly, with high yield, upper quality,suitable for food and processing; Anhui Tongcheng yam was suitable for medicine with low yield, high quality; Shandong Weifang yam was suitable for food, with high starch content and high water content.