精子DNA损伤的研究进展

Research progress of sperm DNA damage

随着男性不育症发病率的升高,精液常规检测已不足以精确评估男性生育力。近年来,精子DNA损伤检测作为一项评估精子质量及男性生育力更精准的指标,逐步成为生殖医学领域的研究热点。精子DNA损伤的机制包括精子发生异常、氧化应激损伤、精子凋亡异常等。目前,精子染色质结构分析法(SCSA)已经成为检测精子DNA完整性的金标准。精子DNA损伤可能与男性不育、辅助生殖结局及后代生长、发育相关。笔者拟就精子DNA损伤的机制、检测方法、对男性生育力的影响及其与辅助生殖技术的关系进行综述,旨在为男性不育症的临床诊断提供依据。

With the increasing incidence of male infertility,semen analysis is not sufficient to evaluate male infertility accurately.In recent years,sperm DNA damage as a more accurate assessment of sperm quality and male fertility index,has gradually become a research hotpot in reproductive medicine.The mechanism of sperm DNA damage includes abnormal spermatogenesis,oxidative stress damage,abnormal sperm apoptosis,etc..Currently,sperm chromatin structure assay has been considered as the gold standard for detecting sperm DNA integrity.Sperm DNA damage may be associated with male infertility,assisted reproductive outcomes,and growth and development of offspring.This article mainly reviews the mechanism of sperm DNA damage,detection method,influence on the male fertility and assisted reproductive technology,so as to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis to male infertility.