美国半导体行业多样性对我国的启示

The Diversification of Semiconductor Industry in the US and Implication for China

半导体技术已经扩散到新兴经济体,虽然中国和其他的亚洲国家及拉丁美洲承担着大规模的装配和制造业务,然而高附加值部分仍然集聚在以美国为首的高收入国家。多样化的产业链条和国际贸易分工体系是美国半导体产业的重要特征,美国长期稳定的财税政策、对前瞻技术领域的研发布局和投入等措施为确保其半导体行业的世界领先地位提供了有力支撑。本文对以上内容进行了分析,并提出启示和政策建议:一方面应大力发展资本密集型和技术密集型的半导体前端设备以及鼓励创立各种类型和规模的半导体企业,另一方面应促进建立多样化的贸易伙伴关系,在复杂多变的国际局势下为我国半导体相关产业安全提供保障。

Semiconductors have started to diffuse to emerging economies. In terms of semiconductor production, economies such as China and a few of other Asian economies host some of the largest assembling and manufacturing activities. In terms of semiconductor innovation, most higher value-added activities such as chip design still take place in high-income countries, leaded by the US. This paper argues that diversifed industrial chains and international trade division system are important features of the semiconductor industry in US. It highlights that the leadership of US semiconductor industry mostly benefts from the sustained long-term funding and tax policies. It also points out that the pre-competition research layout and invest is essential to continuing to dive innovation in the semiconductor industry. Based on the above analysis, it presents some implications and recommendations to China policy-maker： frstly, promoting the development of capital intensive and technology intensive semiconductor front-end fabrication as well as various types and scale of semiconductor enterprises; secondly, encouraging the establishment of diversified trade partnership and providing security for China’s semiconductor related industries under the complex and changeable international situation.