茄子栽培种砧用种质农业生物学性状及嫁接适用性研究

Agricultural biology characters of anvil germplasm and grafting applicability in eggplant (Solanum melongena) cultivars

青枯病是热带亚热带地区普遍发生的一种土传病害,为选配具有优良抗病性和嫁接适用性的茄子砧木杂交组合,该研究对国内外11份茄子栽培种砧用种质进行农业生物学评价和青枯病抗病性鉴定,研究了不同砧用种质对嫁接苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试砧用种质中,果型为卵圆形5份、倒卵形2份、长卵圆4份;幼果颜色紫色7份、淡紫色1份、绿色1份、淡绿色2份;老熟果实颜色均为黄色;种质J14、J15、J16、J17的主茎紫色,其余均为绿色;J61的花瓣白色,其余均为紫色或淡紫色。供试砧木种质与接穗Rf的嫁接成活率均在80%以上,最高达97%。采用苗期伤根-浸根接种法鉴定砧木种质对青枯病的抗病性,有9份砧用种质自根苗表现高抗(HR),病情指数为3.67~12.33,其中6份砧木种质(BC01、BC03、BC04、BC06、J15、J16)嫁接感病接穗后表现抗病(R),病情指数为16.67~21.00。砧用种质能显著改善接穗的生长,其中,BC01、BC03、BC04、BC06、J15、J16的嫁接苗的生物量增长率显著高于其他种质的嫁接苗。综合试验结果显示茄子栽培种砧用种质农业生物学性状表现多样性,可区分为不同生态类型。抗病砧木种质嫁接高感病接穗的防病效果显著,种质BC01、BC03、BC04、BC06、J15、J16高抗青枯病,嫁接高感病品种表现抗青枯病,可作为配制抗青枯病砧木杂交组合的候选亲本。

Bacterial wilt is a soil-borne disease that occurs generally in tropical and subtropical regions.Grafting with disease-resistant rootstocks is an effective way to control bacterial wilt in eggplant vegetables.For the combination of eggplant rootstock with excellent resistance to disease and graft applicability,the germplasm of eleven eggplant cultivars collected at home and abroad were evaluated by agricultural biology and the identification of bacterial wilt resistance.The effects of different anvil germplasm on the growth of grafted seedlings were also studied.The results showed that fruit types were： oval 5,obovate 2,long oval 4; young fruit color had purple 7,lavender 1,green 1,light green 2; the color of the old ripe fruit was yellow; the main stems of germplasm J14,J15,J16,J17 were purple,the rest were green; petal color of J61 was white,the rest were purple or lavender.The graft survival rate of eggplant germplasm and high susceptibility wilt eggplant cultivars reached 80% and the highest was 97%.The disease resistance of rootstock to bacterial wilt were identified by rooting and root inoculation at seedling stage.There were nine seedstocks with high resistance（ HR）,the disease index was 3.67-12.33,and six rootstocks germplasm（ BC01,BC03,BC04,BC06,J15,J16） were susceptible to disease（ R） after grafting,and the disease index was 16.67-21.00.Nvil germplasm can significantly improve the growth of scions,and the growth rates of the biomass of grafted seedlings BC01,BC03,BC04,BC06,J15 and J16 were significantly higher than those of other germplasms.According to the comprehensive test results,the diversity of agricultural biology characters of anvil germplasm of eggplant cultivars can be divided into different ecological types.The disease-resistant rootstock grafted with high-susceptible scion was effective,the germplasm（ BC01,BC03,BC04,BC06,J15,J16） were resistant to bacterial wilt,which could be used as a candidate parent for the combination of resistance to bacterial wilt rootstock.