主要作战部队军人营养KAP及健康状况的干预措施研究

Interventions with Dietary Nutrition and Health of Chinese Soldiers

目的探讨改善军人营养KAP情况、膳食营养状况和身体健康状况的干预措施,为促进军人身体健康、强健军人体质提供策略。方法采用整群随机抽样方法选取陆、海、空、火箭军等4个兵种基层主要作战部队官兵4334名进行营养KAP教育干预一年,干预前后分别进行营养KAP问卷调查、膳食营养状况调查和健康状况检查。结果干预一年后,被调查军人的营养KAP平均得分为37.02±5.12,较干预前33.19±5.06显著性提高(P<0.05)。膳食营养状况比较:干预后,油脂类摄入量平均为83.19±29.47 g,较干预前112.38±31.47 g显著性降低(P<0.05);奶类平均摄入量230.47±25.18g,较干预前158.92±72.39 g显著性提高(P<0.05)。体检结果比较:干预后被调查军人的体检结果异常检出率为22.9%,较干预前的35.2%显著降低(P<0.05)。结论军人的营养KAP水平与膳食营养状况、健康状况密切相关,对其采取适合职业性质与作业特点的营养与健康教育并作为一项常规教育项目定期开展实施,不断提高军人的营养KAP水平,才可有效改善其膳食营养状况,促进军人的身体健康。

Objective To investigate dietary nutrition and health status of Chinese soldiers in different PLA troops and provide reference for the military tailor-made health education and improvement of health literacy. Methods 4720 officers and soldiers of four arms in ten troops were included for the nutrition KAP questionnaire,dietary nutritional survey and health examination. Dietary supply was surveyed for three days by weighted method. Results The full score of the KAP questionnaire was 50 points,and the average score of these participants was（ 32.16±5.04） points. 47.2% of the participants had unhealthy dietary behavior. Dietary nutrition survey results showed that the oil intake per person was 119.3 grams per day,far above the military standard. With the exception of soldiers for Special Air Service,the milk intake of other troops was not up to the military standard. In all the troops,the daily intake of energy,protein,potassium,sodium,magnesium,phosphorus,iron,selenium,niacin and vitamin C met or exceeded the standard. Inadequate intake of calcium,zinc,vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 was common among those for Special Sea Service.Physical examination results indicated that 35.2% of the participants had abnormal physical findings,and the detection rate of overweight,obesity and hyperuricemia was respectively 14.51%,4.2% and 4.71%. Overweight was more common among soldiers for Special Sea Service and Special Air Service than among others. In addition,hyperuricemia was prevalent in those engaged in Special Sea Service.Conclusion The lack of nutritional knowledge,unproper nutritional behavior,unhealthy dietary patterns,nutritional imbalance and nutrition-related diseases are still prevalent in several troops. The popularization of nutritional knowledge should be strengthened among soldiers. Interventions should be implemented in grass-roots troops by different means.