晚清北京戏曲票房的形成与发展--基于对旗人戏曲活动的考察

The Formation and Development of Drama “Box office” in the Late Qing Dynasty——An Investigation on Beijing Bannermans' Drama Activities

晚清北京戏曲票房的产生,与久居内城的旗人的戏曲活动密切相关。嘉庆朝内城戏园的久遭查禁,迫使内城原本以子弟书、八角鼓等曲艺演出为主的票房转向开展更受旗人欢迎的戏曲活动。在咸丰八年(1858)顺天科场舞弊案的调查中,怡亲王载垣对旗籍票友平龄处理的失当,导致了此后戏曲票房的快速发展。清末是北京戏曲票房设立最为频繁的时期,此时北京的戏曲票房全部集中在内城西部,并向八旗王公贵族府邸和寺庙聚集。此期北京戏曲票房的迅猛发展与素嗜戏曲的慈禧太后有关,也受到了当时宣南文化的影响。

＂Box office＂of Chinese drama in the late Qing Dynasty was related with the banner people in the inner city＇s drama activities. In the Dynasty of Jiaqing,the inner city theater had been banned for a long time. ＂Box office＂ focusing on Zi Dishu and Ba Jiaogu turned to drama activities,which was popular with the banner people. In Xian Feng 8 year,Shun Tian Examination cheating occurred. As the result of Zai Yuan＇s inappropriate dealing with a fancier named Ping Ling,＂Box office＂of Chinese drama developed rapidly. The late Qing dynasty is the most frequent establishing period of ＂Box office＂. Most of ＂Box offices＂of Chinese drama located in west inner city. The development of Chinese drama ＂Box office＂in the late Qing dynasty,was related with Ci Xi-a famous fancier,and affected by the Xuan Nan culture.