规则软化与农村低保政策目标偏移

Rules Softening and Rural Minimum Insurance Policy Target Deviation

农村低保政策是对低收入农户的兜底保障,精准瞄准是其核心政策目标。低保政策精准瞄准的目标与以结果控制为核心的简约治理模式存在张力,国家必须通过规则界定对低保政策的执行过程进行约束。由于国家信息能力不足,收入核算界定低保户的国家规则发生了软化;规则软化赋予了政策执行者过大的自由裁量权,地方性规则替代了国家规则,造成了政策目标的偏移。为了矫正低保政策目标的偏移,低保的识别规则必须与现有国家信息能力相匹配,具体而言,在加强残疾人保障和大病救助的基础上,应当将家庭主要劳动力是否健全作为低保识别的主要标准。

Rural minimum insurance policy is the bottom protection for the low-income peasant households,accurate targeting is its core policy objective. The objective of rural minimum insurance policy contradicts with the simple governance model. The state must define the implementation process of the minimum insurance policy through the rule. As a result of the lack of national information capacity,revenue rules define the national rules of the low-income households to soften; regular softening gives the policy implementers too much discretion,local rules replace the national rules,resulting in the deviation of policy objective. To rectify the deviation of the policy objective,the rules for rural minimum insurance policy must match the existing national information capabilities. Specifically,on the basis of strengthening the protection of the disabled and the serious illness,the main labor force of the household should be improved as the main criteria for identification.