骨密度与运动能力的相关性

Correlation of bone mineral density with sports ability

背景:研究表明,运动对骨密度的影响与运动项目、运动强度和运动时间等因素有关。目的:了解运动与骨密度指标尤其是桡骨骨密度及运动能力的相关关系。方法:共招募受试者共计173人,其中优秀篮球运动员共计93人,分别为运动健将21人,一级运动员32人,二级运动员40人;普通组是80名普通大二学生。采用美国GE公司生产的Prodigy Advance型双能X射线骨密度仪对受试者左右桡骨、髋骨、股骨和跟骨以及腰椎的具体部位进行骨密度测定。运用SPSS20.0统计软件对所得数据进行独立样本的t检验、单因素方差分析和皮尔逊相关分析。结果与结论:(1)除腰椎骨密度外,所有观察指标在篮球运动员和普通大学生之间都存在显著性差异(P<0.05),尤其是桡骨骨密度达到了非常显著性差异(P<0.01);(2)桡骨骨密度除男性左侧和女性左右侧在运动健将和一级运动员之间无显著性差异外,所有指标在其他运动水平之间都达到了统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)篮球运动能力与桡骨骨密度相关性分析结果:男性比女性显著,右侧比左侧显著;(4)结果表明,长期从事篮球运动对人体的附肢骨骨密度有着积极影响;桡骨骨密度与篮球运动能力有关,且与运动能力呈正相关关系,该指标可为篮球运动员选材指标的优化提供理论依据。

BACKGROUND： Sports effects on bone mineral density（BMD） are found to be related to sport events, intensity and duration time. OBJECTIVE： To understand the relationship between BMD, especially the radius BMD and sports ability. METHODS： Totally 173 subjects were recruited, including 93 basketball athletes（21 elite athletes, 32 first-class athletes and 40 second-class athletes）, and 80 sophomores. The BMD of bilateral radius, hip bone, femur, calcaneus, and lumbar vertebrae was measured by Prodigy Advance dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted usingSPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Except for the BMD of lumbar vertebrae, all measurements were significantly different between basketball players and college students（P〈0.05）, especially the radial BMD（P〈0.01）. Except for the BMD of left radius in male athletes and bilateral radius in female athletes of the elite and first-class groups, all measurements showed significant differences among athletes（P〈0.05）. The correlation analysis between basketball ability and radical BMD was stronger in males than in females on the right side than on the left side. Therefore, long-term basketball exercise has a positive impact on appendicular BMD. The radical BMD is positively related to the basketball ability, so it can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the index selection of basketball players.