神经生长因子、脑源性神经生长因子及其前体在神经系统中的效应

Roles of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and their precursors in nervous system

背景:神经营养因子目前已发现20余种,其中神经生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子作为中枢神经系统中分布最广泛的生长因子之一,对中枢神经系统甚至整个大脑的生长发育及神经元可塑性至关重要。目的:为全面深入认识神经生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子,进一步了解其在神经系统损伤修复时发挥的作用,文章对神经生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子及其前体的研究进展进行综述。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、中国期刊网专题全文数据库等数据库有关神经营养因子、神经生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子等相关的文献,检索词为nerve growth factor(NGF);proform of nerve growth factor(proNGF);brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF);precursor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor(proBDNF);神经营养因子,神经营养因子受体等。结果与结论:周围神经损伤后神经生长因子具有保护神经元的生物学功能;神经生长因子前体则同时与受体p75^(NTR)和Sortilin形成三聚体的信号传导物,诱导了神经损伤后的细胞凋亡和神经组织的死亡。脑源性神经生长因子优先结合TrkB产生促进突触生长或支持神经元存活、分化的生物学效应;脑源性神经营养因子前体则优先结合p75^(NTR)及Sortilin,引发神经元凋亡。虽然随着研究的不断深入发现了神经生长因子前体和脑源性神经营养因子前体表现出与成熟神经生长因子和成熟脑源性神经营养因子相反的生物学作用,但具体的作用机制还不完全清楚。

BACKGROUND： More than 20 neurotrophic factors have been found. Among them, nerve growth factor（NGF） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） are the most widely distributed growth factors in the central nervous system, and they are responsible for the growth, development and neuronal plasticity of the central nervous system and even of the entire brain. OBJECTIVE： To fully understand NGF and BDNF, learn more about their role in the repair of nervous system damage, and to review the research progress in NGF and BDNF and their precursors. METHODS： A computer-based online retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed to search relevant papers about neurotrophic factors, NGF and BDNF. The keywords were ＂nerve growth factor（NGF）, proform of nerve growth factor（proN GF）, brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）, precursor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor（pro BDNF）, neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin receptor＂ in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： NGF has the biological function of protecting neurons after peripheral nerve injury. The precursor of NGF simultaneously forms trimers of signal transducers with receptors p75^（NTR） and Sortilin and induces apoptosis and death of nerves post-nerve injury. PDNF preferentially binds to Trk B to produce biological effects that promote synaptic growth or support the survival and differentiation of neurons. The precursor of BDNF preferentially binds p75^（NTR） and Sortilin to trigger neuronal apoptosis. With the deepening of the research, it has been found that the precursors of NGF and BDNF exhibit the opposite biological effects on the mature NGF and BDNF, but the specific mechanism of action remains unclear.